This is a good site to listen and drill your vocabulary about weather. Learn about all these descriptive words and more.
Link: http://hua.umf.maine.edu/Chinese/topics/wether1/douying.html
bad, vile, nasty
恶 劣
e4lie4
to blow gently (wind)
习 习
xi2xi2
to blow (said of wind)
刮 风
gua1 (feng1)
light breeze
轻 风
qing1 feng1
fine, bright, clear (of weather)
晴
qing2
to be caught in the rain, to be drenched (literally – to drench wet)
淋 湿
lin2shi1
a clear day, clear sky
晴 朗 的 天 空
climate
气 候
qi4hou4
cloudy day, overcast day (looks like it could rain)
阴 天
yin1tian1
cloudy, partly cloudy (the sun is in and out of the clouds)
多 云
duo1yun2
cold
冷
leng3
ice-cold
冰 凉
bing1liang2
cold, frigid, glacial, poor (used in combination with other syllables)
寒
han2